Entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education have expanded together, and their conceptual and methodological challenges do not prevent the implementation of entrepreneurial education in educational contexts. The desire for a global workforce that can handle uncertainties and solve problems that cannot be solved by pure analytical inquiry drives the rapidly expanding number of educational programs and activities that are design-based. A growing number of educational programs for entrepreneurs increasingly incorporate design-based methods. However, design thinking-based theoretical assumptions may also be lacking. Despite growing academic interest in design thinking and entrepreneurship education, little is known about design thinking in higher entrepreneurship education, especially in Eastern nations. A Western teaching method, entrepreneurial design thinking may be adapted to many cultures. In this instance, the West has established entrepreneurship education as a respectable study subject and teaching practice in higher education over the past 40 years. The Eastern nations' occurrence varies, including Indonesia. Indonesia is an intriguing research subject since it has over 50% youth due to its abundant natural resources. However, it needs more opportunity-based entrepreneurs and requires assistance in implementing entrepreneurship education with a more innovative, design-based, and successful method. Entrepreneurial design thinking fulfills this demand. Indonesian students and teachers' norm-based attitudes and cultural mindsets towards a new western creative method may hinder entrepreneurial design thinking's acceptance. The literature review found that Indonesian university students are collaborative, compassionate, and practical, like design thinkers. However, they may also be risk-averse, self-restrained, and dependent on teachers as stereotypical Asians. Classroom space, educators' design thinking competence, and university or institution support are further barriers. Additional study into these challenges is needed to adapt design thinking to Indonesian entrepreneurial higher education culturally. Based on the above research needs, the purpose of this research endeavor is to look into the cultural nuances of the design thinking technique for entrepreneurial higher education and postulate how it could be adapted to other cultures, especially in Indonesia. This thesis uses deductive and qualitative case-study research methods. In particular, the latter used thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Terry & Hayfield, 2021) as the data analysis technique to provide a means and tools for understanding from interviews, class observation, and literature studies. Since this thesis follows the constructivist-relativist research paradigm, it explores contextual and cultural differences in Indonesian entrepreneurship education and its potential and obstacles to adapt the Western teaching methodology of entrepreneurial design thinking in higher education. In summary, this study searches for elements that might aid or hinder the cross-cultural adaption of entrepreneurial design thinking. This research wants to understand how cross-cultural adaptability fits into entrepreneurial design thinking research, especially for Indonesia. This thesis aims to provide new theoretical insights and practical advice on adapting entrepreneurial design thinking from Western to Eastern cultures. From the findings, this thesis concluded at least seven educational value differentials before adaptation from the exhaustive literature and case study evaluations. For Indonesian entrepreneurship higher education institutions to use entrepreneurial design thinking, they must consider educational culture, technological infrastructure, language, primary audience, learning and teaching style, reasoning patterns, and social-cultural environment. This study provides four practical adaptation recommendations: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. Finally, this research demonstrated that cross-cultural adaption of entrepreneurial design thinking in Indonesia might be difficult but worthwhile. This thesis' case study, "School of Business Management – Bandung Institute of Technology (SBM ITB)", showed that Indonesian entrepreneurial higher education might use design thinking as a teaching approach. All stakeholders must improve internally and publicly. Thus, this study recommended integrating most Indonesian higher education institutions' entrepreneurship teaching approaches with a "student-centered" approach that stresses business mentorship, uses design thinking tools and processes, and links them to students' entrepreneurial initiatives. To summarize, this research contributes to the field since it draws on and combines the findings of several other fields of study, including entrepreneurial education, design thinking, and cross-cultural adaptation. This study stepped out of the "usual and proper" pedagogical ruts to investigate "non-human" cross-cultural adaptability. It has attempted to apply these ideas to a real-world, unique case study in a developing nation (in this case, Indonesia).

Außerschulische Lernorte und deren Wirksamkeit im Kontext von BNE-Bildungsmaßnahmen wurden bislang wenig untersucht. Mithilfe einer mehrstufi-gen Analyse identifiziert die vorliegende Studie außerschulische Lernorte mit Be-zug zum BNE-Bildungskonzept im Untersuchungsraum Rheinland-Pfalz. Dazu wurden zunächst mittels qualitativer Literaturanalysen BNE-Kriterien generiert, die als methodisches Instrument in Form einer BNE-Checkliste für außerschulische Lernorte operationalisiert wurden. Die auf diesem Wege gewonnenen Daten liefern die Grundlage für die Erstellung einer geografisch orientierten Lernortdatenbank mit BNE-Bezug. Eine kartografische Visualisierung der Daten ergibt ein räumliches Verteilungsmuster: So zeigen sich mit BNE-Lernorten gut versorgte Landkreise und kreisfreie Städte, aber auch regelrechte BNE-Lernort-Wüsten, an denen Nachhol-bedarf besteht. Des Weiteren zeigt sich eine Häufung von BNE-Lernorten in wald-nahen Gebieten. Zur Frage, wie die außerschulische BNE im Bundesland Rheinland-Pfalz imple-mentiert wurde, inwiefern Optimierungsbedarf besteht und welche fortsetzenden Maßnahmen im Rahmen der Agenda 2030 für die außerschulische BNE getroffen werden, liefert ein leitfadenbasiertes exploratives Interview mit zwei BNE-Experten zusätzliche Erkenntnisse. Weiterführend wurde mit 1358 Schülerinnen und Schülern an 30 außerschuli-schen Lernorten nach Teilnahme an einer Bildungsmaßnahme eine quantitative Fragebogenstudie durchgeführt, bei der auch das Umweltbewusstsein, Einstellun-gen zum Umweltverhalten und das Lernen vor Ort betrachtet wurden. Durch ein Miteinbeziehen von Nicht-BNE-Lernorten wurde eine Vergleichsstudie zur Wirk-samkeit von BNE-Lernorten möglich. Die statistische Datenauswertung führt zu ei-ner Vielzahl an interessanten Ergebnissen. Kontraintuitiv zeigt sich beispielsweise die Art des Lernorts (BNE- oder Nicht-BNE-Lernort) als nicht signifikanter Prädiktor für das Umweltbewusstsein und Umweltverhalten der befragten Schüler, wohinge-gen Kommunikationsstrukturen innerhalb von Bildungsmaßnahmen an außerschu-lischen Lernorten, die Multimedialität und Handlungsorientierung sowie die Dauer von Bildungsmaßnahmen einen signifikanten Einfluss ausüben. Schlüsselwörter: Außerschulische Lernorte, Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE), BNE-Kriterien, Lernortlandschaft Rheinland-Pfalz, BNE-Lernorte, Umwelt-bewusstsein, Umweltverhalten.

Science education has been facing important challenges in the recent years: the decline in student’s interest in scientific topics, and moreover, the decrease of students pursuing science beyond their compulsory studies (Bennett, Hogarth, Lubben, 2003). As a result, research has focus on examining different approaches that could attempt to improve the situation. One of these approaches has been the use of context-based problem-solving tasks (Kölbach & Sumfleth, 2011; Bennett, Hogarth, Lubben, 2003). While research into context-based problem-solving tasks suggest that they are very motivating for students, it is still unclear how they influence motivation. Following an experimental pretest-postest design, two studies examined the effects of context-based task characteristics of contextualization, complexity, and transparency, on students’ motivational variables, performance, and metacognitive experiences. Results from both studies suggest that the task characteristic of contextualization directly influences how students’ interest is triggered and maintained throughout the task. On the other hand, the task characteristics of complexity and transparency had different effects for the other dependent variables of effort, difficulty, and solution correctness. Moreover, data shows that other motivational variables such as anxiety and success expectancies are strongly influenced by the interaction of the parameters under study. The dissertation concludes that appropriate design and use of context-based task characteristics can benefit students’ learning processes and outcomes.