004 Datenverarbeitung; Informatik
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Institut
- Fachbereich 4 (273) (entfernen)
Terrainklassifikation mit Markov-Zufallsfeldern auf Basis von fusionierten Kamera- und Laserdaten
(2011)
Ein mobiles System, das sich automatisiert im Outdoor-Bereich fortbewegen soll, muss dafür über ausreichende Kenntnisse des umliegenden Terrains verfügen. Zur Analyse des Terrains werden hierbei häufig ein oder mehrere Laserentfernungsmesser, teilweise auch in Kombination mit Kameras verwendet. Probleme entstehen bei lückenhaften oder verrauschten Daten, da dies zu einer fehlerhaften Bestimmung des Geländes führen kann.
Diese Arbeit hat das Ziel ein bereits vorhandenes Verfahren zu erweitern. Dieses basiert auf 3D-Daten, ermittelt durch einen 3D-Laserscanner und soll um eine kontextsensitive Komponente und Daten anderer Sensoren ergänzt werden. Die erste Erweiterung besteht aus einem Markov-Zufallsfeld, welches zum Modellieren der Nachbarschaftsbeziehungen der einzelnen Terrainabschnitte verwendet wird und somit zur Segmentierung eingesetzt werden kann.
Als zweite Erweiterung werden die Laserdaten mit Kamerabildern fusioniert,um so die Verwendung zusätzlicher Terrainmerkmale zu ermöglichen.
This volume contains those research papers presented at the Second International Conference on Tests and Proofs (TAP 2008) that were not included in the main conference proceedings. TAP was the second conference devoted to the convergence of proofs and tests. It combines ideas from both areas for the advancement of software quality. To prove the correctness of a program is to demonstrate, through impeccable mathematical techniques, that it has no bugs; to test a program is to run it with the expectation of discovering bugs. On the surface, the two techniques seem contradictory: if you have proved your program, it is fruitless to comb it for bugs; and if you are testing it, that is surely a sign that you have given up on any hope of proving its correctness. Accordingly, proofs and tests have, since the onset of software engineering research, been pursued by distinct communities using rather different techniques and tools. And yet the development of both approaches leads to the discovery of common issues and to the realization that each may need the other. The emergence of model checking has been one of the first signs that contradiction may yield to complementarity, but in the past few years an increasing number of research efforts have encountered the need for combining proofs and tests, dropping earlier dogmatic views of their incompatibility and taking instead the best of what each of these software engineering domains has to offer. The first TAP conference (held at ETH Zurich in February 2007) was an attempt to provide a forum for the cross-fertilization of ideas and approaches from the testing and proving communities. For the 2008 edition we found the Monash University Prato Centre near Florence to be an ideal place providing a stimulating environment. We wish to sincerely thank all the authors who submitted their work for consideration. And we would like to thank the Program Committee members as well as additional referees for their great effort and professional work in the review and selection process. Their names are listed on the following pages. In addition to the contributed papers, the program included three excellent keynote talks. We are grateful to Michael Hennell (LDRA Ltd., Cheshire, UK), Orna Kupferman (Hebrew University, Israel), and Elaine Weyuker (AT&T Labs Inc., USA) for accepting the invitation to address the conference. Two very interesting tutorials were part of TAP 2008: "Parameterized Unit Testing with Pex" (J. de Halleux, N. Tillmann) and "Integrating Verification and Testing of Object-Oriented Software" (C. Engel, C. Gladisch, V. Klebanov, and P. Rümmer). We would like to express our thanks to the tutorial presenters for their contribution. It was a team effort that made the conference so successful. We are grateful to the Conference Chair and the Steering Committee members for their support. And we particularly thank Christoph Gladisch, Beate Körner, and Philipp Rümmer for their hard work and help in making the conference a success. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the generous support of Microsoft Research Redmond, who financed an invited speaker.
With the ongoing process of building business networks in today- economy, business to-business integration (B2B Integration) has become a strategic tool for utilizing and optimizing information exchange between business partners. Industry and academia have made remarkable progress in implementing and conceptualizing different kinds of electronic inter-company relationships in the last years. Nevertheless, academic findings generally focus exclusively on certain aspects of the research object, e.g. document standards, process integration or other descriptive criteria. Without arncommon framework these results stay unrelated and their mutual impact on each other remains largely unexplained. In this paper we explore motivational factors of B2B integration in practice. In a research project using a uniform taxonomy (eXperience methodology) we classified real-world B2B integration projects from a pool of over 400 case studies using a pre-developed framework for integration scenarios. The result of our partly exploratory research shows the influence of the role of a company in the supply chain and its motive to invest in a B2B solution.
Dualizing marked Petri nets results in tokens for transitions (t-tokens). A marked transition can strictly not be enabled, even if there are sufficient "enabling" tokens (p-tokens) on its input places. On the other hand, t-tokens can be moved by the firing of places. This permits flows of t-tokens which describe sequences of non-events. Their benefiit to simulation is the possibility to model (and observe) causes and effects of non-events, e.g. if something is broken down.
The STOR project aims at the development of a scientific component system employing models and knowledge for object recognition in images. This interim report elaborates on the requirements for such a component system, structures the application area by identifying a large set of basic operations, and shows how a set of appropriate data structures and components can be derived. A small case studies exemplifies the approach.
UML models and OWL ontologies constitute modeling approaches with different strength and weaknesses that make them appropriate for use of specifying different aspects of software systems. In particular, OWL ontologies are well suited to specify classes using an expressive logical language with highly flexible, dynamic and polymorphic class membership, while UML diagrams are much more suitable for specifying not only static models including classes and associations, but also dynamic behavior. Though MOF based metamodels and UML profiles for OWL have been proposed in the past, an integrated use of both modeling approaches in a coherent framework has been lacking so far. We present such a framework, TwoUse, for developing integrated models, comprising the benefits of UML models and OWL ontologies
Die Computergrafik befasst sich mit der Erzeugung von virtuellen Bildern. Im Bereich der 3D-Computergrafik werden die dargestellten Objekte im dreidimensionalen Raum beschrieben. Dazu bedient man sich diverser Generierungsverfahren. Einer dieser so genannten Renderer ist das Raytracing-Verfahren. Es erfreut sich in der Computergrafik wegen der erreichten Bildqualität bei ueberschaubarer Komplexität großer Beliebtheit. Dabei wird versucht, immer realistischere Ergebnisse zu erreichen. In der Vergangenheit wurde Raytracing deswegen beispielsweise um globale Beleuchtungsmodelle oder um reflektierende beziehungsweise um transparente Objekte erweitert. Dabei wurde aber ein wichtiger Punkt häufig vernachlässigt, welcher ebenfalls den Grad an Realismus deutlich erhöhen kann: die Kamera. Meistens geht man auch heutzutage von einem vereinfachten Lochkameramodell aus. Aus diesem Grund genügen solche Modelle nicht den Ansprüchen physikalisch-korrekter Renderingverfahren. Eine wirklich umfassend korrekte Abbildung von Szenen darf also nicht vernachlässigen, dass ein generiertes Bild durch ein Linsensystem noch einmal entscheidend beeinflusst wird. In dieser Arbeit wird deswegen ein physikalisch korrektes Kameramodell vorgestellt, welches die geometrischen Eigenschaften des Linsensystems berücksichtigt und die Belichtung auf der Bildebene korrekt berechnet.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Migration von Software-Systemen hin zur Verwendung des im Unicode-Standard definierten Zeichensatzes. Die Arbeit wird als Fallstudie am Dokumenten-Management-System PROXESS durchgeführt. Es wird ein Umstellungsprozess entworfen, der die Arbeitsschritte der Migration für das gesamte System und eine beliebige Zerlegung des Systems in einzelne Module definiert. Die Arbeitsschritte für die einzelnen Module können zu großen Teilen zeitlich unabhängig voneinander durchgeführt werden. Für die Umstellung der Implementierung wird ein Ansatz zur automatischen Erkennung von Verwendungsmustern eingesetzt. Im abstrakten Syntaxbaum werden Sequenzen von Anweisungen gesucht, die einem bestimmten Verwendungsmuster zugeordnet werden. Ein Verwendungsmuster definiert eine weitere Sequenz von Anweisungen, die eine Musterlösung für die Unicode-basierte Handhabung von Strings darstellt. Durch das Anwenden einer Transformationsregel wird die ursprüngliche Anweisungssequenz in die zum Verwendungsmuster gehörende Anweisungssequenz überführt. Dieser Mechanismus ist ein Ausgangspunkt für die Entwicklung von Tools, die Transformationen von Anweisungssequenzen automatisch durchführen.