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Unlocking the semantics of multimedia presentations in the web with the multimedia metadata ontology
(2010)
The semantics of rich multimedia presentations in the web such as SMIL, SVG and Flash cannot or only to a very limited extend be understood by search engines today. This hampers the retrieval of such presentations and makes their archival and management a difficult task. Existing metadata models and metadata standards are either conceptually too narrow, focus on a specific media type only, cannot be used and combined together, or are not practically applicable for the semantic description of rich multimedia presentations. In this paper, we propose the Multimedia Metadata Ontology (M3O) for annotating rich, structured multimedia presentations. The M3O provides a generic modeling framework for representing sophisticated multimedia metadata. It allows for integrating the features provided by the existing metadata models and metadata standards. Our approach bases on Semantic Web technologies and can be easily integrated with multimedia formats such as the W3C standards SMIL and SVG. With the M3O, we unlock the semantics of rich multimedia presentations in the web by making the semantics machine-readable and machine-understandable. The M3O is used with our SemanticMM4U framework for the multi-channel generation of semantically-rich multimedia presentations.
Texture-based text detection in digital images using wavelet features and support vector machines
(2010)
In dieser Bachelorarbeit wird ein neues texturbasiertes Verfahren zur Detektion von Texten in digitalen Bildern vorgestellt. Das Verfahren kann im wesentlichen in zwei Hauptaufgaben unterteilt werden, in Detektion von Textblöcken und Detektion von einzelnen Wörtern, wobei die einzelnen Wörter aus den detektierten Textblöcken extrahiert werden. Im Groben agiert das entwickelte Verfahren mit mehreren Support Vector Machines, die mit Hilfe von waveletbasierten Merkmalen mögliche Textregionen eines Bildes zu wirklichen Textregionen klassiffzieren. Die möglichen Textregionen werden dabei durch unterschiedlich ausgerichtete Kantenprojektionen bestimmt. Das Resultat des Verfahrens sind X/Y Koordinaten, Breite und Höhe von rechteckigen Regionen eines Bildes, die einzelne Wörter enthalten. Dieses Wissen kann weiterverarbeitet werden, beispielsweise durch eine Texterkennungssoftware, um an die wichtigen und sehr nützlichen Textinformationrneines Bildes zu gelangen.
Cloud Computing is a topic that has gained momentum in the last years. Current studies show that an increasing number of companies is evaluating the promised advantages and considering making use of cloud services. In this paper we investigate the phenomenon of cloud computing and its importance for the operation of ERP systems. We argue that the phenomenon of cloud computing could lead to a decisive change in the way business software is deployed in companies. Our reference framework contains three levels (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS) and clarifies the meaning of public, private and hybrid clouds. The three levels of cloud computing and their impact on ERP systems operation are discussed. From the literature we identify areas for future research and propose a research agenda.
The semantic web and model-driven engineering are changing the enterprise computing paradigm. By introducing technologies like ontologies, metadata and logic, the semantic web improves drastically how companies manage knowledge. In counterpart, model-driven engineering relies on the principle of using models to provide abstraction, enabling developers to concentrate on the system functionality rather than on technical platforms. The next enterprise computing era will rely on the synergy between both technologies. On the one side, ontology technologies organize system knowledge in conceptual domains according to its meaning. It addresses enterprise computing needs by identifying, abstracting and rationalizing commonalities, and checking for inconsistencies across system specifications. On the other side, model-driven engineering is closing the gap among business requirements, designs and executables by using domain-specific languages with custom-built syntax and semantics. In this scenario, the research question that arises is: What are the scientific and technical results around ontology technologies that can be used in model-driven engineering and vice versa? The objective is to analyze approaches available in the literature that involve both ontologies and model-driven engineering. Therefore, we conduct a literature review that resulted in a feature model for classifying state-of-the-art approaches. The results show that the usage of ontologies and model-driven engineering together have multiple purposes: validation, visual notation, expressiveness and interoperability. While approaches involving both paradigms exist, an integrated approach for UML class-based modeling and ontology modeling is lacking so far. Therefore, we investigate the techniques and languages for designing integrated models. The objective is to provide an approach to support the design of integrated solutions. Thus, we develop a conceptual framework involving the structure and the notations of a solution to represent and query software artifacts using a combination of ontologies and class-based modeling. As proof of concept, we have implemented our approach as a set of open source plug-ins -- the TwoUse Toolkit. The hypothesis is that a combination of both paradigms yields improvements in both fields, ontology engineering and model-driven engineering. For MDE, we investigate the impact of using features of the Web Ontology Language in software modeling. The results are patterns and guidelines for designing ontology-based information systems and for supporting software engineers in modeling software. The results include alternative ways of describing classes and objects and querying software models and metamodels. Applications show improvements on changeability and extensibility. In the ontology engineering domain, we investigate the application of techniques used in model-driven engineering to fill the abstraction gap between ontology specification languages and programming languages. The objective is to provide a model-driven platform for supporting activities in the ontology engineering life cycle. Therefore, we study the development of core ontologies in our department, namely the core ontology for multimedia (COMM) and the multimedia metadata ontology. The results are domain-specific languages that allow ontology engineers to abstract from implementation issues and concentrate on the ontology engineering task. It results in increasing productivity by filling the gap between domain models and source code.
Designing Core Ontologies
(2011)
One of the key factors that hinders integration of distributed, heterogeneous information systems is the lack of a formal basis for modeling the complex, structured knowledge that is to be exchanged. To alleviate this situation, we present an approach based on core ontologies. Core ontologies are characterized by a high degree of axiomatization and formal precision. This is achieved by basing on a foundational ontology. In addition, core ontologies should follow a pattern-oriented design approach. By this, they are modular and extensible. Core ontologies allow for reusing the structured knowledge they define as well as integrating existing domainrnknowledge. The structured knowledge of the core ontologies is clearly separated from the domain-specific knowledge. Such core ontologies allow for both formally conceptualize their particular fields and to be flexibly combined to cover the needsrnof concrete, complex application domains. Over the last years, we have developed three independent core ontologies for events and objects, multimedia annotations, and personal information management. In this paper, we present the simultaneousrnuse and integration of our core ontologies at the example of a complex, distributed socio-technical system of emergency response. We describe our design approach for core ontologies and discuss the lessons learned in designing them. Finally, we elaborate on the beauty aspects of our core ontologies.
Distanzvektor-Routing-Protokolle sind Interior-Gateway-Protokolle, bei denen jeder Router anhand der Informationen, die er von seinen Nachbarn erhält, eine Routingtabelle mit den kürzesten Wegen und dazugehörigen Kosten zu allen anderen Routern des Netzwerks aufbaut. Distanzvektor-Routing-Protokolle sehen jedoch nur unzureichende Mechanismen vor, um die Sicherheit ihrer Operationen zu gewährleisten. Es wird vielmehr einfach davon ausgegangen, dass die Umgebung vertrauenswürdig ist. Router können sich aber aus verschiedenen Gründen böswillig verhalten und falsche Routingupdates einschleusen um das Routing zu manipulieren. Authentizität und Integrität der übermittelten Routinginformationen müssen daher sichergestellt werden; dabei soll eine Balance zwischen Nutzen und Performance gefunden werden.
Diese Arbeit untersucht verschiedene Lösungsansätze, die sich die Erfüllung dieser Anforderungen zum Ziel gesetzt haben, und stellt deren Vor- und Nachteile einander gegenüber.
As Enterprise 2.0 (E2.0) initiatives are gradually moving out of the early experimentation phase it is time to focus greater attention on examining the structures, processes and operations surrounding E2.0 projects. In this paper we present the findings of an empirical study to investigate and understand the reasons for initiating E2.0 projects and the benefits being derived from them. Our study comprises seven in-depth case studies of E2.0 implementations. We develop a classification and means of visualising the scope of E2.0 initiatives and use these methods to analyse and compare projects.
Our findings indicate a wide range of motivations and combinations of technology in use and show a strong emphasis towards the content management functionality of E2.0 technologies.
In dieser Arbeit werden vier der derzeit verfügbaren webbasierten Visualisierungstools evaluiert (FlexViz, Jambalaya applet, Experimental jOWL TouchGraph, Plone ontology).
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden weiterhin folgende Fragen erforscht: 1. Welche Anforderungen an die Visualisierung von Ontologien können definiert werden? 2. Wie kann eine Bewertung und Analyse durchgeführt werden? 3. Wie kann eine ausgewählte Methode getestet werden? Basierend auf den Ergebnissen dieser Fragestellungen stellte sich die Visualisierungsmethode FlexViz im gegebenen Szenario als beste heraus. FlexViz wurde eingesetzt, indem es in das Content Management System Plone integriert wurde. Es wurde mit VCD Ontologien getestet und schließlich aus der Sicht verschiedener Interessengruppen analysiert. Es zeigte sich, dass FlexViz ein gutes Tool zum Visualisieren, Verstehen und Analysieren von bereits entwickelten Ontologien ist, da die Benutzeroberfläche benutzerfreundlich und interaktiv ist. Jedoch zeigt FlexViz deutliche Schwächen bzgl. dem Bearbeiten, Erweitern und Entwickeln von Ontologien.
The paper is devoted to solving the problem of assessing the quality of the medical electronic service. A variety of dimensions and factors of quality, methods and models applied in different scopes of activity for assessing quality of service is researched. The basic aspects, requirements and peculiarities of implementing medical electronic services are investigated. The results of the analysis and the set of information models describing the processes of assessing quality of the electronic service "Booking an appointment with a physician" and developed for this paper allowed us to describe the methodology and to state the problem of the assessment of quality of this service.
This paper describes results of the simulation of social objects, the dependence of schoolchildren's professional abilities on their personal characteristics. The simulation tool is the artificial neural network (ANN) technology. Results of a comparison of the time expense for training the ANN and for calculating the weight coefficients with serial and parallel algorithms, respectively, are presented.
We present a non-linear camera pose estimator, which is able to handle a combined input of point and line feature correspondences. For three or more correspondences, the estimator works on any arbitrary number and choice of the feature type, which provides an estimation of the pose on a preferably small and flexible amount of 2D-3D correspondences. We also give an analysis of different minimization techniques, parametrizations of the pose data, and of error measurements between 2D and 3D data. These will be tested for the usage of point features, lines and the combination case. The result shows the most stable and fast working non-linear parameter set for pose estimation in model-based tracking.
The paper is devoted to solving a problem of the development of the website of Russian municipal policlinics and provides a selection of a set of elements which should be posted on a website. Such elements are necessary to provide citizens with correct and ergonomic e-services. The insufficient development of an infrastructure of institutions of public and municipal administration (particularly, healthcare institutions) in Russia made it necessary to analyze webresources used in different countries at different levels of providing medical services. The information resources of medical treatment facilities of the United Kingdom, of the United Statesrnof America and of the Federal Republic of Germany were researched separately for three existing economic models of healthcare. A set of criteria for the assessment of medical webresources was developed.
Expert-driven business process management is an established means for improving efficiency of organizational knowledge work. Implicit procedural knowledge in the organization is made explicit by defining processes. This approach is not applicable to individual knowledge work due to its high complexity and variability. However, without explicitly described processes there is no analysis and efficient communication of best practices of individual knowledge work within the organization. In addition, the activities of the individual knowledge work cannot be synchronized with the activities in the organizational knowledge work.rnrnSolution to this problem is the semantic integration of individual knowledgernwork and organizational knowledge work by means of the patternbased core ontology strukt. The ontology allows for defining and managing the dynamic tasks of individual knowledge work in a formal way and to synchronize them with organizational business processes. Using the strukt ontology, we have implemented a prototype application for knowledge workers and have evaluated it at the use case of an architectural fifirm conducting construction projects.
In dieser Arbeit wird ein skelettbasiertes Matching-Verfahren für 2D-Objekte vorgestellt. Zunächst werden aktuelle Ansätze zum Matchen von Objekten vorgestellt, anschließend werden die Grundlagen von skelettbasiertem Matching erklärt. Ein skelettbasiertes Verfahren wurde im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gemäß dem vorliegenden Original-Paper neu implementiert. Diese Implementierung wird anhand einer Ähnlichkeitssuche in drei Bild-Datenbanken evaluiert. Stärken und Schwächen des Verfahrens werden herausgearbeitet. Des weiteren wird der vorgestellte Algorithmus auf Erweiterungen untersucht, die das Matchen von 3D-Objekten ermöglichen sollen. Im speziellen wird das Verfahren auf medizinische Daten angewendet: CT-Aufnahmen der abdominalen Aorta eines Patienten vor und nach einer Operation werden miteinander verglichen. Problemfälle und Erweiterungsansätze für das Matchen von 3D-Objekten im Allgemeinen und von Blutgefäßen im Speziellen werden vorgestellt.
Folksonomien sind Web 2.0 Plattformen, in denen Benutzer verschiedene Inhalte miteinander teilen können. Die Inhalte können mit Hilfe von Stichwörtern, den sogenannten Tags, kategorisiert und organisiert werden. Die verschiedenen Folksonomien unterstützen unterschiedliche Inhaltstypen wie zum Beispiel Webseiten (Delicious), Bilder (Flickr) oder Videos (YouTube). Aufgrund ihrer einfachen Benutzungsweise haben Folksonomien viele Millionen Benutzer. Die einfache Benutzungsweise führt aber auch zu einigen Problemen. Diese Doktorarbeit beschäftigt sich mit drei der wichtigsten Probleme und beschreibt Methoden, wie sie gelöst werden können. Das erste dieser Probleme tritt auf, wenn Benutzer die Folksonomien nach bestimmten Inhalten durchsuchen wollen. Häufig können dabei nicht alle relevanten Inhalte gefunden werden, da diesen relevante Stichwörter fehlen. Dementsprechend tritt das zweite Problem während der Vergabe von Stichwörtern auf. Manche Folksonomien, wie zum Beispiel Delicious, unterstützen ihre Benutzer dabei, indem sie ihnen mögliche Stichwörter empfehlen. Andere Folksonomien, wie zum Beispiel Flickr, bieten keine solche Unterstützung. Die Empfehlung von Stichwörtern hilft dem Benutzer dabei, Inhalte auf einfache Art und Weise mit den jeweils relevanten Stichwörtern zu versehen. Das dritte Problem besteht darin, dass weder Stichwörter noch Inhalte mit einer festen Semantik versehen sind und mehrdeutig sein können. Das Problem entsteht dadurch, dass die Benutzer die Stichwörter vollkommen frei rnverwenden können. Die automatische Identifizierung der Semantik von Stichwörtern und Inhalten hilft dabei, die dadurch entstehenden Probleme zu reduzieren. Diese Doktorarbeit stellt mehrere Methoden vor, wie verschiedene Quellen für semantische Informationen benutzt werden können, um die vorher genannten drei Probleme zu lösen. In dieser Doktorarbeit benutzen wir als Quellen Internetsuchmaschinen, soziale Netzwerke im Internet und die gemeinsamen Vorkommen von Stichwörtern in Folksonomien. Die Verwendung der verschiedenen Quellen reduziert den Aufwand bei der Erstellung von Systemen, die die vorher genannten Probleme lösen. Die vorgestellten Methoden wurden auf einem großen Datensatz evaluiert. Die erzielten Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass semantische Informationen bei der Lösung der Probleme helfen, die während der Suche von Inhalten, der Empfehlung von Stichwörtern als auch der automatischen Identifizierung der Semantik von Stichwörtern und Inhalten auftreten.
MapReduce with Deltas
(2011)
The MapReduce programming model is extended slightly in order to use deltas. Because many MapReduce jobs are being re-executed over slightly changing input, processing only those changes promises significant improvements. Reduced execution time allows for more frequent execution of tasks, yielding more up-to-date results in practical applications. In the context of compound MapReduce jobs, benefits even add up over the individual jobs, as each job gains from processing less input data. The individual steps necessary in working with deltas are being analyzed and examined for efficiency. Several use cases have been implemented and tested on top of Hadoop. The correctness of the extended programming model relies on a simple correctness criterion.
This paper introduces Vocville, a causal online game for learning vocabularies. I am creating this application for my master thesis of my career as a "Computervisualist" (computer visions) for the University of Koblenz - Landau. The application is an online browser game based on the idea of the really successful Facebook game FarmVille. The application is seperated in two parts; a Grails application manages a database which holds the game objects like vocabulary, a Flex/Flash application generates the actual game by using these data. The user can create his own home with everything in it. For creating things, the user has to give the correct translation of the object he wants to create several times. After every query he has to wait a certain amount of time to be queried again. When the correct answer is given sufficient times, the object is builded. After building one object the user is allowed to build others. After building enough objects in one area (i.e. a room, a street etc.) the user can activate other areas by translating all the vocabularies of the previous area. Users can also interact with other users by adding them as neighbors and then visiting their homes or sending them gifts, for which they have to fill in the correct word in a given sentence.