Institut für Wirtschafts- und Verwaltungsinformatik
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Institute
The estimation of various social objects is necessary in different fields of social life, science, education, etc. This estimation is usually used for forecasting, for evaluating of different properties and for other goals in complex man-machine systems. At present this estimation is possible by means of computer and mathematical simulation methods which is connected with significant difficulties, such as: - time-distributed process of receiving information about the object; - determination of a corresponding mathematical device and structure identification of the mathematical model; - approximation of the mathematical model to real data, generalization and parametric identification of the mathematical model; - identification of the structure of the links of the real social object. The solution of these problems is impossible without a special intellectual information system which combines different processes and allows predicting the behaviour of such an object. However, most existing information systems lead to the solution of only one special problem. From this point of view the development of a more general technology of designing such systems is very important. The technology of intellectual information system development for estimation and forecasting the professional ability of respondents in the sphere of education can be a concrete example of such a technology. Job orientation is necessary and topical in present economic conditions. It helps tornsolve the problem of expediency of investments to a certain sphere of education. Scientifically validated combined diagnostic methods of job orientation are necessary to carry out professional selection in higher education establishments. The requirements of a modern society are growing, with the earlier developed techniques being unable to correspond to them sufficiently. All these techniques lack an opportunity to account all necessary professional and personal characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to use a system of various tests. Thus, the development of new methods of job orientation for entrants is necessary. The information model of the process of job orientation is necessary for this purpose. Therefore, it would be desirable to have an information system capable of giving recommendations concerning the choice of a trade on the basis of complex personal characteristics of entrants.
In the last years the e-government concentrated on the administrative aspects of administrative modernisation. In the next step the e-discourses will gain in importance as an instrument of the public-friendliness and means of the e-democracy/e-participation. With growing acceptance of such e-discourses, these will fastly reach a complexity, which could not be mastered no more by the participants. Many impressions, which could be won from presence discussions, will be lacking now. Therefore the exposed thesis has the objective of the conception and the prototypical implementation of an instrument (discourse meter), by which the participants, in particular the moderators of the e-discourse, are capable to overlook the e-discourse at any time and by means of it, attain their discourse awareness. Discourse awareness of the present informs about the current action in the e-discourse and discourse awareness of the past about the past action, by which any trends become visible. The focus of the discourse awareness is located in the quantitative view of the action in the e-discourse. From the model of e-discourse, which is developed in this thesis, the questions of discourse awareness are resulting, whose concretion is the basis for the implementation of the discourse meter. The discourse sensors attached to the model of the e-discourse are recording the actions of the e-discourse, showing events of discourse, which are represented by the discourse meter in various forms of visualizations. The concept of discourse meter offers the possibility of discourse awareness relating to the present as monitoring and the discourse awareness relating to the past as query (quantitative analysis) to the moderators of the e-discourse.
Remote Working Study 2022
(2022)
The Remote Working Study 2022 is focused on the transition to work from home (WFH) triggered by the stay at home directives of 2020. These directives required employees to work in their private premises wherever possible to reduce the transmission of the coronavirus. The study, conducted by the Center for Enterprise Information Research (CEIR) at the University of Koblenz from December 2021 to January 2022, explores the transition to remote working.
The objective of the survey is to collect baseline information about organisations’ remote work experiences during and immediately following the COVID-19 lockdowns. The survey was completed by the key persons responsible for the implementation and/or management of the digital workplace in 19 German and Swiss organisations.
The data presented in this report was collected from member organisations of the IndustryConnect initiative. IndustryConnect is a university-industry research programme that is coordinated by researchers from the University of Koblenz. It focuses on research in the areas of the digital workplace and enterprise collaboration technologies, and facilitates the generation of new research insights and the exchange of experiences among user companies.
The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which connected physical objects are integrated into the virtual world to become active partakers of businesses and everyday processes (Uckelmann, Harrison and Michahelles, 2011; Shrouf, Ordieres and Miragliotta, 2014). It is expected to have a major impact on businesses (Council, Nic and Intelligence, 2008), but small and medium enterprises’ business models are threatened if they do not adopt the new concept (Sommer, 2015). Thus, this thesis aims to showcase a sample implementation of connected devices in a small enterprise, demonstrating its added benefits for the business.
Design Science Research (DSR) is used to develop a prototype based on a use case provided by a carpentry. The prototype comprises a hardware sensor and a web application which can be used by the wood shop to improve their processes. The thesis documents the iterative process of developing a prototype from the grounds up to useable hard- and software.
This contribution provides an example of how IoT can be used and implemented at a small business.
Seit Beginn des World Wide Web hat sich die Erzeugung und Verteilung digitaler Güter (digital assets) entschieden verändert. Zur Erzeugung, Bearbeitung, Verteilung und Konsumierung bedarf es heute nicht mehr spezieller physischer Gerätschaften. Dadurch hat sich die Geschwindigkeit, in der Medien generiert und transportiert werden, enorm gesteigert. Auch die Möglichkeiten der Kooperation waren dadurch einem Wandel unterlegen bzw. wurden mancherorts erst möglich gemacht.
Die Nutzung des Internets ermöglichte zwar die Loslösung digitaler Güter von ihren physischen Trägermedien, die Bestimmungen des Urheberrechts gelten jedoch weiterhin. Dies führt gerade bei juristisch weniger erfahrenen Nutzern zu Unsicherheit darüber, wie ein konkretes digitales Gut genutzt werden darf. Andererseits wird von vielen Nutzern das gewohnte Tauschen von Medien auch auf das digitale Umfeld übertragen. Die Urheberrechtsverletzungen, die zuvor im privaten Umfeld im kleinen Rahmen stattfanden, geschehen nun global und für alle sichtbar. Da diese Form des Tausches das primäre Geschäftsmodell der Verwerter gefährdet, wird versucht, die Nutzung digitaler Güter einzuschränken bzw. für nicht berechtigte Nutzer zu unterbinden. Dies geschah und geschieht unter anderem mit Verfahren der digitalen Rechte-Verwaltung (Digital Rights Management - DRM).
Diese Verfahren sind unter Nutzern bisweilen umstritten oder werden sogar offen abgelehnt, da sie die Nutzung digitaler Güter im Vergleich zum physischen Pendant erschweren können. Zudem erwiesen sich viele dieser Verfahren als nicht sicher, so dass die verwendeten Verschlüsselungsverfahren gebrochen wurden. Mit einer "Nutzungsrechte-Verwaltung" (Usage Rights Management - URM) soll DRM im Kernprinzip zwar erhalten bleiben. Die praktische Umsetzung soll aber in eine andere Richtung vorstoßen. Der Nutzer bekommt die volle Kontrolle über die digitalen Güter (ohne die restriktiven Maßnahmen klassischer DRM-Umsetzungen), aber auch wieder die volle Verantwortung. Unterstützt wird er dabei von Software, die ihn über die rechtlichen Möglichkeiten informiert und auf Wunsch des Nutzers auch software-technische Schranken in der Benutzung setzt, ähnlich der Rechtedurchsetzung (Enforcement) bei klassischen DRM-Systemen.
URM nutzt dabei die offene Rechtedefinitionssprache ODRL. Die vorliegende Studienarbeit ist Teil des URM-Projektes der Forschungsgruppe IT-Risk-Management, welches wiederum Teil des SOAVIWA-Projektes ist. Ziel der Studienarbeit ist es, eine Java-Klasse zu entwickeln, mit der in ODRL verfasste Lizenzen als Java-Objekte abgebildet werden. Weitere zu entwickelnde Komponenten sollen diese Objekte verwalten und das Modifizieren und Erzeugen neuer Objekte zulassen. Alle Komponenten sollen Bestandteil des bereits anfänglich implementierten Toolkit für URM (TURM) sein.
This diploma thesis describes the concept and implementation of a software router for policy-based Internet regulation. It is based on the ontology InFO described by Kasten and Scherp. InFO is destined for a system-independent description of regulation mechanisms. Additionally, InFO enables a transparent regulation by linking background information to the regulation mechanisms. The InFO extension RFCO extends the ontology with router-specific entities. A software router is developed to implement RFCO at the IP level. The regulation is designed to be transparent by letting the router inform affected users about the regulation measures. The router implementation is exemplarily tested in a virtual network environment.
To construct a business process model manually is a highly complex and error-prone task which takes a lot of time and deep insights into the organizational structure, its operations and business rules. To improve the output of business analysts dealing with this process, different techniques have been introduced by researchers to support them during construction with helpful recommendations. These supporting recommendation systems vary in their way of what to recommend in the first place as well as their calculations taking place under the hood to recommend the most fitting element to the user. After a broad introduction into the field of business process modeling and its basic recommendation structures, this work will take a closer look at diverse proposals and descriptions published in current literature regarding implementation strategies to effectively and efficiently assist modelers during their business process model creation. A critical analysis of presentations in the selected literature will point out strengths and weaknesses of their approaches, studies and descriptions of those. As a result, the final concept matrix in this work will give a precise and helpful overview about the key features and recommendation methods used and implemented in previous research studies to pinpoint an entry into future works without the downsides already spotted by fellow researchers.
German politicians have identified a need for greater citizen involvement in decision-making than in the past, as confirmed by a recent German parliamentarians study ("DEUPAS"). As in other forms of social interactions, the Internet provides significant potential to serve as the digital interface between citizens and decision-makers: in the recent past, dedicated electronic participation ("e-participation") platforms (e.g. dedicated websites) have been provided by politicians and governments in an attempt to gather citizens" feedback and comment on a particular issue or subject. Some of these have been successful, but a large proportion of them are grossly under-used " often only small numbers of citizens use them. Over the same time period, enthusiasm of Society for social networks has increased and is now commonplace. Many citizens use social networks such as Facebook and Twitter for all kinds of purposes, and in some cases to discuss political issues.
Social networks are therefore obviously attractive to politicians " from local government to federal agencies, politicians have integrated social media into their daily work. However, there is a significant challenge regarding the usefulness of social networks. The problem is the continuous increase in digital information: social networks contain vast amounts of information, and it is impossible for a human to manually filter the relevant information from the irrelevant (so-called "information overload"). Even using the search tools provided by social networks, it is still a huge task for a human to determine meanings and themes from the multitude of search results. New technologies and concepts have been proposed to provide summaries of masses of information through lexical analysis of social media messages, and therefore they promise an easy and quick overview of the information.
This thesis examines the relevance of these analyses" results, for the use in everyday political life, with the emphasis on the social networks Facebook and Twitter as data sources. Here we make use of the WeGov Toolbox and its analysis components that were developed during the EU project WeGov. The assessment has been performed in consultation with actual policy-makers from different levels of German government: policy-makers from the German Federal Parliament, the State Parliament North Rhine-Westphalia, the State Chancellery of the Saarland and the cities of Cologne and Kempten all took part in the study. Our method was to execute the analyses on data collected from Facebook and Twitter, and present the results to the policy-makers, who would then evaluate them using a mixture of qualitative methods.
The responses of the participants have provided us with some useful conclusions:
1) None of the participants believe that e-participation is possible in this way. But participants confirm that "citizen-friendliness" can be supported by this approach.
2) The most likely users for the summarisation tools are those who have experience with social networks, but are not "power users". The reason being is that "power users" already knew the relevant information provided by analysis tools. But without any experiences for social networks it is hard to interpret the analysis results the right way.
3) The evaluation has considered geographical aspects, and related this to e.g. a politician- constituency as a local area of social networks. Comparing the rural to the urban areas, it is shown that the amount of relevant political information in the rural areas is low. While the proportion of publicly available information in urban areas is relatively high, the proportion in the rural areas is much lower.
The findings that result from the engagement with policy-makers will be systematically surveyed and validated within this thesis.