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From September 4 to 11, 1992, a fiirst meeting between Ukrainian and German scientists interested in mathematical and computer modeling of social processes was held at Vorzel' near Kiev. The meeting had been planned for nearly three years by Igor V. Chernenko and Mikhail V. Kuz'min, then members of the research group on mathematical modeling in sociology at the Institute of Sociology of the Academy of Science of the Ukrainian Republic, and had to be postponed twice due to the political development in the former Soviet Union, but thanks to the organizers' perseverance (and in spite of a strike of the airport personell at Kiev Borispol Airport on the eve of the conference) the conference could at last be realized.rnThe main purpose of the conference was to discuss a synergetic interpretation of large-scale destructive social processes as catastrophic phenomena in self-organized systems.
This paper originates from the FP6 project "Emergence in the Loop (EMIL)" which explores the emergence of norms in artificial societies. Part of work package 3 of this project is a simulator that allows for simulation experiments in different scenarios, one of which is collaborative writing. The agents in this still prototypical implementation are able to perform certain actions, such as writing short texts, submitting them to a central collection of texts (the "encyclopaedia") or adding their texts to texts formerly prepared by other agents. At the same time they are able to comment upon others' texts, for instance checking for correct spelling, for double entries in the encyclopaedia or for plagiarisms. Findings of this kind lead to reproaching the original authors of blamable texts. Under certain conditions blamable activities are no longer performed after some time.
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit der Evaluation verschiedener Erste Hilfe Applikationen für Smartphones. Diese werden mit der App "DefiNow!", welche von der Universität Koblenz entwickelt wurde, verglichen. Hierbei liegt der Schwerpunkt der Evaluation auf der Usability basierend auf den Softwareergonomischen Prinzipien der Iso Norm 9241-110.
Eine Usability Studie mit 74 Teilnehmern wurde durchgeführt und die daraus resultierenden Ergebnisse genutzt um die bestehende App "Defi Now!" hinsichtlich ihrer Usability zu optimieren.
Various best practices and principles guide an ontology engineer when modeling Linked Data. The choice of appropriate vocabularies is one essential aspect in the guidelines, as it leads to better interpretation, querying, and consumption of the data by Linked Data applications and users.
In this paper, we present the various types of support features for an ontology engineer to model a Linked Data dataset, discuss existing tools and services with respect to these support features, and propose LOVER: a novel approach to support the ontology engineer in modeling a Linked Data dataset. We demonstrate that none of the existing tools and services incorporate all types of supporting features and illustrate the concept of LOVER, which supports the engineer by recommending appropriate classes and properties from existing and actively used vocabularies. Hereby, the recommendations are made on the basis of an iterative multimodal search. LOVER uses different, orthogonal information sources for finding terms, e.g. based on a best string match or schema information on other datasets published in the Linked Open Data cloud. We describe LOVER's recommendation mechanism in general and illustrate it alongrna real-life example from the social sciences domain.
Concept for a Knowledge Base on ICT for Governance and Policy Modelling regarding eGovPoliNet
(2013)
Das EU-Projekt eGovPoliNet beschäftigt sich mit der Forschung und Entwicklung im Bereich der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien (IKT) für Steuerung und Politikgestaltung. Zahlreiche Communities verfolgen in diesem Themenbereich ähnliche Ziele der IT-unterstützten, strategischen Entscheidungsfindung und Simulation sozialer Problemfelder. Die vorhandenen Lösungsansätze sind bislang jedoch recht fragmentiert. Ziel von eGovPoliNet ist es in diesem Zusammenhang der Fragmentierung zu begegnen und durch die Förderung der Kooperation von Forschung und Praxis einen internationalen, offenen Dialog zu etablieren. Dieser wird durch die Beteiligung der Akteure auf diesem Gebiet der IKT die Diskussion und Entwicklung verschiedener Problemfelder voranbringen. Hierbei werden Akteure aus Forschung und Praxis ihre Expertise und Best-Practice Erkenntnisse teilen, um Politikanalyse, Modellierung und Steuerung zu unterstützen. eGovPoliNet wird zur Unterstützung dieses Dialogs eine Wissensbasis bereitstellen, deren konzeptuelle Ausarbeitung Gegenstand dieser Arbeit ist. Die Wissensbasis soll mit Inhalten aus dem Bereich der IKT zur strategischen Entscheidungsfindung und Simulation sozialer Problemfelder gefüllt werden, beispielsweise mit Publikationen, Softwarelösungen, oder Projektbeschreibungen. Diese Inhalte gilt es zu strukturieren, nutzenstiftend zu organisieren und zu verwalten, sodass die Wissensbasis letztendlich als Quelle gesammelten Wissens dient, welche die bislang fragmentierten Forschungs- und Entwicklungsergebnisse an zentraler Stelle vereint.
Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es also, ein Konzept einer Wissensbasis zu entwerfen, welches die nötige Struktur und die nötigen Funktionen bietet, Wissen bezüglich IKT-Lösungen zu verwalten. Das bedeutet in diesem Zusammenhang Wissen zu sammeln, aufzubereiten und dem Nutzer zugänglich zu machen. Die Wissensbasis soll außerdem nach Inhalten durchsuchbar sein. Desweiteren sollen die Nutzer motiviert werden, selbstständig an der Weiterentwicklung und Pflege der Wissensbasis mitzuwirken.
E-KRHyper is a versatile theorem prover and model generator for firstorder logic that natively supports equality. Inequality of constants, however, has to be given by explicitly adding facts. As the amount of these facts grows quadratically in the number of these distinct constants, the knowledge base is blown up. This makes it harder for a human reader to focus on the actual problem, and impairs the reasoning process. We extend E-Hyper- underlying E-KRhyper tableau calculus to avoid this blow-up by implementing a native handling for inequality of constants. This is done by introducing the unique name assumption for a subset of the constants (the so called distinct object identifiers). The obtained calculus is shown to be sound and complete and is implemented into the E-KRHyper system. Synthetic benchmarks, situated in the theory of arrays, are used to back up the benefits of the new calculus.
Dualizing marked Petri nets results in tokens for transitions (t-tokens). A marked transition can strictly not be enabled, even if there are sufficient "enabling" tokens (p-tokens) on its input places. On the other hand, t-tokens can be moved by the firing of places. This permits flows of t-tokens which describe sequences of non-events. Their benefiit to simulation is the possibility to model (and observe) causes and effects of non-events, e.g. if something is broken down.
In this paper, we demonstrate by means of two examples how to work with probability propagation nets (PPNs). The fiirst, which comes from the book by Peng and Reggia [1], is a small example of medical diagnosis. The second one comes from [2]. It is an example of operational risk and is to show how the evidence flow in PPNs gives hints to reduce high losses. In terms of Bayesian networks, both examples contain cycles which are resolved by the conditioning technique [3].
The paper deals with a specific introduction into probability propagation nets. Starting from dependency nets (which in a way can be considered the maximum information which follows from the directed graph structure of Bayesian networks), the probability propagation nets are constructed by joining a dependency net and (a slightly adapted version of) its dual net. Probability propagation nets are the Petri net version of Bayesian networks. In contrast to Bayesian networks, Petri nets are transparent and easy to operate. The high degree of transparency is due to the fact that every state in a process is visible as a marking of the Petri net. The convenient operability consists in the fact that there is no algorithm apart from the firing rule of Petri net transitions. Besides the structural importance of the Petri net duality there is a semantic matter; common sense in the form of probabilities and evidencebased likelihoods are dual to each other.
Virtual Goods + ODRL 2012
(2012)
This is the 10th international workshop for technical, economic, and legal aspects of business models for virtual goods incorporating the 8th ODRL community group meeting. This year we did not call for completed research results, but we invited PhD students to present and discuss their ongoing research work. In the traditional international group of virtual goods and ODRL researchers we discussed PhD research from Belgium, Brazil, and Germany. The topics focused on research questions about rights management in the Internet and e-business stimulation. In the center of rights management stands the conception of a formal policy expression that can be used for human readable policy transparency, as well as for machine readable support of policy conformant systems behavior up to automatic policy enforcement. ODRL has proven to be an ideal basis for policy expressions, not only for digital copy rights, but also for the more general "Policy Awareness in the World of Virtual Goods". In this sense, policies support the communication of virtual goods, and they are a virtualization of rules-governed behavior themselves.